Process of sterilizing organic material.



W. B. FENN. PROCESS OF STERILIZING ORGANIC MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED OCT- 3 I91]. 1 J Patented June 1, 1915.

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APPLICANON FILED OCT-3,1911.

Patented June 1, 1915.

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PROCESS OF STERILIZING ORGANIC MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED OCT-3, 19H.

Patented June 1, 1915.

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PROCESS OF STERILIZING ORGANIC MATERIAL. APPLICATION FILED 0013,1911.

1 9 1 1 Patented June 1, 1915.

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PROCESS OF STERILIZING ORGANIC MATERIAL.

APPLICATION man OCT-3.1911:

Patented June 1, 1915.

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W. B. FENN.

PROCESS OF STERILIZI NG ORGANIC MATERIAL. APPLICATION FILED OCT. 3. 1911.

1 1%1 %%Q Patented June 1, 1915.

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PROCESS OF STERILIZING ORGANIC MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED 001.3.1911.

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APPLICATION FILED OCT. 3, I9II.

Patented J une 1, 1915.

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PROCESS OF STERILIZING ORGANIC MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 3, 1911. Patented June 1, 191:).

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PROCESS OF STERILIZING ORGANIC MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 3 1911.

1 11%1 2%Q@ Patented June 1, 1915.

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W. B. FENN.

PROCESS OF STERILIZING ORGANIC MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED OCT- 3, 19]].

Patented June 1, 1915.

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WILLIAM B. FENN, F COLUMBUS, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE WEDOIT COMPANY, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

PROCESS OF STERILIZING ORGANIC MATERIAL.

Latinas.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 1, 1915..

Original application filed .Tune 24, 1910, Serial No. 568,674. Divided and this application filed October 3,

1911. Seria1 I\To. 652,571. g Y

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM B. FENN,'a citizen of the United States, residing at C0- lumbus, in the county'of Franklin and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Processes of Sterilizing Organic Material, of which the following is a specification.

It is well understood that the putrefaction, fermentation or decay of animal and vegetable substance is due to the development and multiplication of spores, germs or micro-organisms of one or more sorts within or on the material, and I am informed that some such spores, &c., are present in the interior of the materials, even while the latter 7 are in their natural and healthy or. normal state, ch spores, &c., being in a dormant or inactive state, but ready for development and multiplication or activity in course of time and upon the occurrence of proper conditions therefor. It is common household and factory practice, in a general way, to

apply heat to such materials for the purpose of destroying or disabling such spores, &c., and then isolating the material by sealing or confining it in a tight vessel so as to exclude air and prevent contact with other possible sources of infection. Steam has heretofore been proposed as a convenient gas or, Vehicle for applying the heat, and in my present invention I prefer to use that vehicle. It is also well understood that some foods or perishable materials are of harder or closer texture than others and are therefore less permeable with gas than others.

The object, generally of this invention is an improved process for the rapid and thorough sterilization of perishable materials or things-especially foods.

'One feature of the invention is embodied in subjecting the material to be sterilized to the heat of steam or other'suitable vehicle under pressure in a tightly sealed vessel.

Another feature consists in subjecting such material to a succession ofpufi's of the sterilizing agent.

A third feature consists in graduating or varying the force or power of the applications of the sterilizing medium.

A fourth feature consists in adapting the,

. applications of the sterilizing medium to the nature of the material to be treated.

ing toward the right hand side of the machine with parts in section. Fig.3 is a de-' tail View on a larger scale of what is shown In Fig. 2 with parts omitted to illustrate piping. Fig.4-is a plan view of the forward portion of the machine. Fig. 5 is mainly a plan view on a larger scale of a section of the machine to illustrate details. Fig. 5 is a section of the forward part of the machine taken horizontally above thev wheels for feeding and removing cans from the machine, Fig. 61s a central vertical sectlon of the cooking or sterilizing devices and capper taken radially of the machine. Fig. 6 is a 'plan View of a modification of the device for operating the capper piston stop. Fig. 7 is a detail view of the can support that is shown in vertical section in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a central vertical section on a larger scale of the sterilizing or cooking head or piston. Fig. 9 is a plan view looking up at the lower end of the upper section of the said head or piston, the plane of said lower end being indicated at the line m.w Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a similar View at the same plane a2-m of the I upper end of the lower section of said head .or piston, the purpose of this View, as well as of Fig. 9, being to indicate the positions of the ducts in said head. Fig. 11 is an elevation and section on a larger scale than in the more general views to show detalls of thedevices for supporting the can and for closing the receiver and formlng the'treating chamber. Fig. 12 is a vertical sect1onof the receiver closer showing the can support therein and its guide. Fig. 13 ls'mainly a central vertical section of the condenser that communicates and cooperates with the treating chamber;- Fig. 14 is an elevatlon of one side of the main or central valve. F1g. 15 is a plan view of the upper end of said valve.

Fig. 16 is a vertical section of the same on' the line o v Fig. 15. Fig. 16 is a section on the line 'w w Fig. 15. Fig. 17 is a diagrammatic development in a plane of the outer side of the central valve or plug member. Fig. 18 is a vertical section of the casing for the aforesaid valve, the plug valve being normally stationary and the collar or seat revolving-around the plug. Figs. 19, 20 and 21 are an elevation, plan and vertical section respectively of the headers or manifoldsthrough which the treating and op.- erating fluids are passed, suitable pipes to be employed to connect said headers. or manifolds with the proper passages and ports of the central plug valve. I

In the views the receiver is shown as formed by a main shell 20 of nearly elliptical cross section horizontally. The upper portion of the shell 20 is furnished with two smaller extensions or shells 21 and 22, the former to receive the steam injecting devices and the latter to receive the can capmain head or carrier 23 of the steam treatping device. The shell 21, in conjunction with a portion of the main shell 20, constitutes in eflect a cylinder in which the ing devices reciprocates or moves like the piston of an ordinary steam engine. This head is a chambered structure and is provided at the exterior of its lower end with suitable packings 24 and on its lower end with flat rings 25 of rubber or other suitable packing material held in place by a metal ring 26 threaded onto the lower end of the head. The head 23 has a central opening at its lower end into which is threaded a spider. 27; and the central portion of .the latter has threaded into it a thimble 28 on which slides a petticoat strainer 29 designed to strain fluids of their contained solids tending to pass into the, head, but permitting the free drainage of the head when pressure is relieved. The head 23 is conveniently made of two sections joined by a coupling ring23 The lower section of the head is bored at its upper end to cylinder form but it is provided with an inwardly converging seat 30, opening at which are ports of several ducts or passages 31 leading upward through the head to a cavity 32 in the upper section of the head. Threaded into the up per section of the head is a tubular connecting pipe 33 that establishes communication of the cayity 32 (and therefore of'the interior of the head 23) with the condenser or cooler to be hereinafter more particularly described.

Within the bored chamber in an upper portion of the head 23 is a valve 34: suitably packed on its exterior towork in said chamber. The lower end of this valve 34 is formed to fit the seat 30 or so as to be adapted to open and close the ports thereat to the ducts 31. The upper end of the valve 34 is beveled and ground at 34" to fit on a ground seat 23 to aid in making a tight joint between those parts when the piston is up. The valve 34 has an axial through opening, and threaded into said opening is a tube 35 that projects into the chamber below and said tube constitutes a cylinder in which reciprocates a piston 36 provided with suitable packings on its exterior to make a steam-tight fit in the tube. The lower end of the piston 36 is furnished with a perforated nozzle or teat 37 that passes through the thimble 28. The nozzle 37 is shown as threaded at its upper end into the piston 36, and the lower end of the nozzle is furnished with a tapering tip 37 securely fastened thereto. The thimble 28 in connection with the spider 27 serves to assist in guiding the nozzle 37 in its reciprocations. The nozzle 37 is made of such length that when projected downward as far as may be it will extend nearly or quite to the bottom of the cancontaining the material to be treated as hereinafter described. The nozzle is made with many perforations in its sides so that steam under pressure therein may be projected laterally or radially practically in all directions into the surrounding material. The upper end of the piston 36 has threaded into it a cap 36 (or this cap may be said to form a section of the piston) provided with a port 36 and in the cavity of the piston below the port 1s a ball valve 38 yieldingly held by a coil spring 39 against the cap to close the port.

The device upon which the can is sup ported while its contents arebeing subjected to tr atment is best illustrated in detail in -Figs. 6 and 7. In these views 40 designates the main support which sustains the can when in position under the treating head, said support 40 being threaded into a shank 40, but associated wlth this main support is an auxiliary support comprised of a grid or pad =11 having a level top, and provided with a shank 41 extending into a through hole in the shank 40 of the main support. The main support is recessed at its upper side to receive the center portion and radial bars of the grid and permit them to sink below the level of the top of the main holder, which latter then extends into the hollow bottom of the can and retains the can in proper position. A support of different height and diameter can be substituted for that in the machine to adapt the devlce to receive a different height or diameter of can. The can support is mounted on the receiver closer 42 which,'in-the instance shown, is of a form and size to fit under and close the lower open end of the receiver or treating chamber 20.

The receiver closer can be provided w1th a suitable guide 42 in which the can support travels. To make the closure gas or steam mamas tight the receiver closer is made with, a

ble stuffing box as shown at 4.7.

receiver projects, the bottom of the groove being shown as furnished with a suitable packing to lie between the meeting parts to make the junction properly tight. The can support has suitably connected with it a rod 43 that extends horizontally through the rim of the receiver closer and to the exterior thereof, so that the can supportcan be transferred from its place under the capper to its place under the treating head, and reversely, while the receiver-closer is shut against the receiver. The outer end of the transfer rod 43 is furnished with an antifriction roller 44 to work against suit able cams formed to move the can support inward or outward at the proper time as the treating chamber or receiver rotates in its orbit about the center of the machine as hereinafter set forth. Where the rod 43' passes through the receiver closer the latter is provided with a suitable stufling box of ordinary construction. The receiver-closer is provided with a port 45 adapted to'be normally opened by a suitable spring actuated check valve,-as seen at 46, the spring 46 actuating such valve being of such strength that the valve will be normally held off its seat to drain the receiver-closer. The receiver-closer is also provided with a pin 47, the head of which normally is held down on the upper side of the recei,ver closer by a spring 48. The said pin 47 projects through to the exterior of the under side of the receiver-closer and it is located under the point where the shank 41 of the can supporting grid stops when the latter is moved to its place'underthe capper, and said pin when stopped by a stationary part below obstructs the downward movement of the shank 41 and detains the grid and can and separates the latter from the support proper 40, thus rendering the sliding of the can thereon or thereofi in a horizontal direction easy. The pin 47 works in a suita- The receiver-closer is shown as supported on and strapped to the end of the rod or tube 49' of a piston 50 (see Fig. 11) that works in a cylinder 51,'the latter traveling in an orbit around the vertical center of the machine with the receiver.

52 is a pipe for admitting fluid pressure to the under side of the piston 50 and when pressure is so admitted the receiver closer is shoved up tightly "against the open end of the receiver. In the instance shown the receiver-closer is lowered by exhausting the pressure below the piston, but there are numerous expedie'nts for operating the closer 7 that will promptly occur to those skilled in such matters.

The position of the condenser in the ma chine is best shown in Figs. 3 and 6, but the details of its construction are best shown in threaded to be secured to the threaded up.-

per end of the connecting pipe 33. Arranged within the vessel 53 is the condenser proper 55, which, as shown, is made up of series of circular obtuse frusto-conical and flat plates alternately occurring and preferably of copper or brass, perforated at their centers and fluid-tightly seamed together at their inner and outer edges respectively so as to form an accordion-like chamber having an axial opening. Extending through thesaid axial opening is a tapering pipe 56 with numerous spraying holes57 arranged todirect fluid pass ing through them into the circumjacent recesses of the condenser. The pipe 56 is made tapering upward so as to secure a nearly equal distribution of the vapors or fluids rising into it by pressure or otherwise fromv the cooking head. The tapering pipe 56 is connected with the head 54 to form a continuation of the tube 33 so that fluids discharged into the latter are projected into the former. Large holes 58 at the lower end of the pipe 56 serve to permit the rapid return of fluids condensed or otherwise to the cooking head and the can or vessel from which they arose. The tapering pipe 56 has added to its upper end a suitable casing 56* containing a check valve 56 of ball form; a .beyond the said valve is a cup 56 conta'ning a wad of antiseptic filtering cotton s that the condensed vapors may be realternately positive and negative in. the several circles embedded in. a suitable nonmagnetic body working in theshell 22. The magnet or capping head" has a hollow stem 61 extending through a suitable stufiing box 62, and on theupper end ofthe hollow stem 61 is secured a piston 64 that works 1n a suitable cylinder 65 supported above the shell 22 by suitable posts 66, secured on the upper end of said shell. The upper portion of the cylinder 65 has connected to 1t a pipe 107 for admitting and exhausting fluid pressure. Pressure admitted to the upper side of the piston forces the magnet head down, and exhaustion of that pressure stem 61 and magnet head is a rod 68 having threaded on its'lower end a nut 69; and threaded on its upper end is an adjustable 'nut 70, "and below this latter a suitable 'stutfing box 71 to prevent the escape of pressure between the rod and tube. Be-

tween the stufiing box 71 and the adjust able nut 70 is a spring 71 that tends to hold the rod 68 normally upward or with the nut 69 against the capping head. Threaded on the lower extremity of the magnet head 60. is an annular flared ring 72 of a diameter suitable to receive the cap 73 for the can.

- 'Any form of ring suitable for the diameter andform of can used can be employed.

Pivoted in suitable earson the outer side of the receiver 20 is a vertical shaft, 74 having at its lower end a horizontal. crank arm 75 with a vertical pin 75*, and at its upper end a horizontal crank arm 76 to which is .pivoted at 77 a stop member 77 that slides through'a slot 77 in the lower end of the cylinder 65 below the piston therein. The shaft 74 can be actuated at the proper time by a spring 79 to pull the stop out to remove it from the path of the piston, and the stop is held normally under the piston by a circular stationary cam 78, the function of said stop being to prevent the descent of the capping head sufliciently to cap the can except at the proper time and to limit the descent of the head to the point where it will pickup the cap. A modification of the stop operating device is shown in Fig. 6*, in which case the stop is moved by a spring arm 76 so that should the shaft be forced when the stop is out and the piston down the shaft will yield. Then the stop is removed from under the piston'the capping head is free to descend to place or force the cap on the can as hereinafter described. The stop 77 is located at such a point and the magnet 7 head is of such strength that when the piston 64: is at position where the magnet is stopped by the stopit is capable of lifting a loosely placed sheet metal cap off the can,

but where the piston is at points above the stop it is incapable of removing the can cap.

The form of the annular flaring ring is such that the cap is centered on the face of the magnet and in proper position to be shoved into an open can when the latter with its treated contents has been drawn to position under the magnet head.

The parts which have thus far been particularly described, or more especially the receiver and its appurtenances, and the closer for the same and its appurtenances, which may be said to constitute a unit, can be multiplied and arranged in a series, and so that they can, with suitable mechanism, be successively and automatically operated; and the material to be sterilized or otherwise treated can, in each receiver, be subjected to a series or succession of treatments, or the treatment given in some of them and not-in others, as the conditions may require. It is preferred and it is shown that said parts are arranged in a circular series and to rotate about a common vertical axis, and said axis can contain suitable valve devices with pipes or conductors for distributing from a common source or from several suitable sources or exhausting as may be desired the treating and operating fluids or pressures.

In the instance shown the main supporting structure comprises a suitably constructed stationary base 90 from which is erected a conical frame 90. Supported on the base and with an interior dome piece 103 having a bearing at the apex of the cone is a rotating drum 91. To reduce friction the drum can rest and travel on ball bearings 92 located in a suitable race, as seen at 93. The lower edge of the drum is provided circumferentially with a crown gear 91 engaged by a pinion 95 fixed on the end of a shaft 96 horizontally journalcd in suitable stationary bearings at the base of the frame. The shaft 96 can be driven by suitable power applied to a gear wheel 97 at the outer end of the shaft. I

The receivers 20 with the parts attached thereto are supported around the upper portion ofthe drum by suitably bolting each receiver body to the drum. In the present instance the receivers-thirty in numberare arranged in a circle in the same horizontal plane, they being equally spaced apart around the top of the drum. The cylinders 51 containing the pistons for elevating and depressing the receiver-closers are each secured by suitably bolting it to the drum vertically below the receiver. These cylinders 51 are of such large size in the instance shown that it was necessary to place them in staggered arrangementone up and the next down. There is one of the cylinders 51 for each of the receivers, and where the stem 49 is elongated by reason of the low position of its cylinder 51, and it is desired or advantageous to provide means against which the 'pin 48 can abut when the receiver closer descends to effect the separation of the auxiliary support 41- from the main holder, there can be supported between the two adjacent higher cylinders 51 a suitable bridge to serve as the abutment.

As before stated, the treating and operating agents are supplied and distributed through suitable centrally located distributing devices of the nature of a valve. 101

nitrate are threaded at their outer ends to receive the threaded ends of the pipes employed to conduct the treating and operating steam or gas to or from, or both, as the case may be, to the place or places where it is to be operative.

The scheme of piping between the valve casing and the parts to which the pipes lead is best depicted in Figs. 3 and 5 and is typical of that employed in each corresponding unit of the machine. In said view 104; designates the pipe for connecting the valve casing with the interior of the receiver; 105 the pipe for connecting the valve casing with the sterilizing or cooking devices; 106 is a pipe for conveying fuel gas to a suitable burner adjacent the receiver for preliminarily warming them. (Said pipes 106 and all the means and arrangements for supplying or using fuel gas as stated can be dispensed with without serious disadvantage.) 107 designates the pipe for supplying and exhausting pressure from the cylinder con taining the piston that operates the capper. These several pipes are shown as made of two or more sections for convenience in directing them to, and for connecting with and disconnecting them from, the parts desired, suitable unions, elbows or couplings being used as the conditions may render expedient. At 102 can be a cock for controlling or regulating the passage of treating steam. Such a cock can be employed in each of the pipes at any suitable point. plug or stationary member of the central valve devices. The said plug member is of frusto-conical form or is downwardly tapering to fit or seat within the casing 101, and it is open through its center, its inner wall being provided with vertically grooved bosses 110 that engage vertical lugs 111 fixed at the apex of the conical frame 90 soas to prevent the plug from turning but permit it to be, adjusted vertically to secure a satisfactory slipping steam tight fit between the plug'and its seat in the casing (see Fig. 5). The upper end of the plug is of spider form with a hub or central portion that is threaded axially of the plug to receive the threaded end of a vertical feed screw 112. The screw 112 is held by suitable means longitudinally. immovable in the vertical center of the machine "and its lower end is furnished with a miter gear 113 engaged by a corresponding gear 114 on the 'inner end 109 designates the.

to a suitable usual of a suitably journaled horizontal shaft 115,

the outer end of which extends to a con? venient point at the exterior of the machine where it is provided with a hand wheel 116 for turning it. By turning the said hand wheel 116 in the proper direction the plug can be raised or lowered and therefore moved toward or from its seat from time to time as may be wanted to improve the fit. The plug 109 is provided with passages ported around its periphery in zones corresponding to the zones of the ports in the casing, and for convenience in connecting the supply and exhaust pipes these passages are made angular so that the supply connecting terminals may be located in the upper or exposed end of the plug. In some cases as where a vacuum is to be exhausted the port can extend directly through the wall of the plug to the interior thereof.

The scheme of piping of the valve casing hereinbefore described being borne in mind and referring to Figs. 13 and 16 it will be noted from the drawings that the loWermost zone of ports of the plug principally supply the receiver exteriorly of the can when the material therein is being treated by steam under pressure equal to or nearly equal to that exerted within the can. so as to prevent the bursting or collapse of the latter. Ports are provided in the same zone for exhausting the steam after the sterilizing treatment or as may be desired. It will also be observed that the second row of portscounting from the lower end of the said plug supply the treating steam. The

treating steam and the aforesaid pressure equalizing steam cam-of course be and pref erably are, taken from the same original source or boiler, and the ports and cut ofl's between them stand in the same vertical plane so that the admission and cut 0d may be simultaneous. supplies the fuel gas is shown to connect with a continuous annular groove because The middle port which when fuel gas is used as described it should be supplied to all burners and kept supplied duringthe heating of the machine,

the supply being turned on and cut ed by a suitable ordinary cock beyond the plug 109. It will be further observed that the grooves and ports of the second zone from the upper end of the pllig permit the application of air pressure to the piston for moving the magnetic capping head down. As said piston is shown as operated in the upward direction and held up for a considerable period of the cycle of movement air should be exhausted from the upper side of the pieton so as to permit atmospheric pressure to he p it up. To accomplish this there'is provided a long groove in the periphery of the plug at the same zone communicated with by a port that leads through a proper pipe vacuumized chamber or of sterilizing treatment. So far as concerns.

the operation of the piston that carries the receiver-closer the operation of that member by artificial and atmospheric pressure through the ports and grooves of .the uppermost zone is, generally speaking, like that of the piston of the magnet head. The small inclinedgrooves With the ports opening to them appearing. along the middle of the periphery of the plug as shownin Figs. 13 and 16 are for the purpose of supplying a lubricant to the adjacent surfaces of the plug and its seat. All these last named ports and grooves can be supplied with lubricant through avertical passage common to them, said vertical passage being in the body of the plugand opening at the top of the plug where a conductor from anysuitable lubricant cup or reservoir, not shown but Well understood, can be attached.

Secured on the base of the machine and beyond the orbits of the receivers and their closing devices is a suitable number of ver-. tical columns 120 on which are secured cir- 'cular horizontal beams 121 and 122.

the beam 122 is secured a flange or groove 78 for acting on the pin 75 to hold the stop 77 inward in position to limit the descent of the piston 64 and magnetic capping head. The s ring 79 is designed to withdraw said stop 7 b when the pin 75* leaves said flange, but its withdrawal can be effected or insured by a small outwardly inclined stationary cam 123 at one end of the flange, thereby permitting the descent of the capper when that operation is to take place. A cam similar to that designated 125 is provided at the other end of the flange or groove but inclined inward toward the fiangeand tobe engaged by the pin 7 5 to turn the shaft 74 tothrow'the stop inward to position to limit the descent of the capper as before. described. Also mounted on the beam 122 are flangesor rails 124 engaged by the roller 44 of the transfer rod: 43 to hold the can support with a can thereon inward or under the steam-treating head. Suitable cams 125 and 126 having outwardly and inwardly inclined operative faces are provided, against 'which the rollers 44 .are drawn for automatically causing the outward and inward movements of the transfer rod and can support to bring the latter member under the capper and remove it from that position respectively to below the treating devices. The Withdrawals of the stop 77 and the rod 43-take place after the steam treatment has been completed and before the treated can reaches that point in the cycle where it is to be taken from the machine, and the pushing inward of said stop 77 takes place after the freshly filled untreated can is placed on the can support. The can support is left in its outer position to receive the can and is not pushed inward until after the capper has descended to pick up the can cap as before described.

The machine will be equipped with suitable means for automatically placing the freshly filled untreated cans, one by one, on

arrive at the proper predetermined points in the cycle. For this purpose there are shown two wheels 127 and l28deeply or appropriately recessed at their rims to embrace-the can. The rims of said wheels turn adjacent to curved stationary guides 127 and 128 that insure the guidance of the cans onto and off the can-support. The said wheels are fixed on vertical shafts 129 and 130 respectively mounted in suitable bearings on the beams 121 and 122. The said shafts 129 and 130 are provided at their upper ends with separated spur gears 131 and 132, respectively, and these latter are each engaged by an intermediate spur gear 133 secured on the end of a third companion vertical shaft 134 journaled on a suitable bearing 135 near the power shaft 96. The lower end of said shaft 134 has fixed to it a .miter gear 136 that is engaged by a similar gear on the power shaft 96 whereby the intermediate gear 133 can be turned and hence impart rotary motion in contrary directions to the can feeding and removing Wheels 127 and 128 respectively. The freshly filled, un-

treated cans are delivered to the wheel 128' and removed from the wheel 127 by'means spacing 'of the cans on the belt prior to their arrival at the place where they are taken by the feeding wheel 128. The belt 137 is driven by means of a toothed wheel 140 fixed on one end of a shaft 141 suitably journaled horizontally on the machine, said shaft being driven by a sprocket chain 142 runmng over a sprocket wheel 143 fixed on said shaft 141 and a sprocket Wheel fixed on a short counter shaft144 driven by a pinion on the main power shaft 96 engaging a spur gear 145' on saidshort counter'shaft 144.

The receivers and their closers and the parts thereto connected travel in the direction indicated by the arrows near them in Fig. 4 and the upper part of the 'conveyer/ belt travels in the direction indicated the arrow near it in the same view.

The condensers are each kept cool by a flow of cool water from a circular troughlike tank 147 supported by posts 148 fixed 'on small brackets 149 at the inner side of the top of the drum (see Fig. 2). Connected with this tank 147 is a small spigot 150, one for each of thecondensers, that discharge into a conductor 151, said conductor opening at its lower end into the lower end of the vessel 53. In the upper end of the said vessel 53 is an over-flow 152 that discharges through a pipe 153 into an annular c0llecting gutter 154 in the top of the drum. From said gutter the water is conducted by means of one or more pipes like that shown at 155 valve or plug member 109 by means of pipes with sources of supply and exhaust. In said views 160 designates the header for connecting the pipe that supplies compressed air to the magnet cylinder; 161 the header for connecting the pipe through which a vacuum is created in the magnet cylinder and treating chamber; 162 the header for connecting the pipes that' supply steam to the receivers externally of the treated cans; 163 the header for connecting the pipes that supply steam to the nozzle cylinder or cooking and sterilizing devices; and 164 designates the header through which steam or 'air exhausts are permitted or effected. The headers can be provided at their upper sides with ports having therein short threaded nipples, as seen at 165, for coupling the ends of the pipes thereto. It will be understood, of

course, that the headers themselves can be connected by suitable conductors or pipes with sources of steam pressure or compressed air and with a vacuumized chamber or air pump,- as the apparatus used may require. The headers are shown as arranged parallelly in "horizontal position indifferent vertical planes, suitable brackets being secured to two of the columns 120, and the appropriate pipes canbe extended from the headers upward, thence inward toward the vertical center line of the machine and nature of the article itself.

finally downward to the appropriate port at the top of the central valve plug member 109, as exemplified in Fig. 20. Each of the pipes between the headers and the central valve can be provided with 'a suitable cock near the header as at 170, and the cock at 102 dispensed with if desired.

\ It is desirable to sterilize foods, especially meats, fruits and vegetables, with little or no disturbance of the natural cellular or fibrous structure and color of the material, so that the product, when exhibited in a glass vessel or exposed in an open opaque can, shall have nearly or quite the appearance it has in the natural state. This I have been able to accomplish for two reasons, first, because the application of the sterilizing steam can be primarily applied with extreme delicacy and then gradually increased in potency to the degree necessary for sterilization, and, second, because the steam is applied at the interior of the article or mass and made quickly to permeate the material. Because the material is treated in this way and also because it is not exposed in the treatment or before it is sealed, the natural flavors and aromas thereof are not conveyed away in vapors, but are retained in or with the treated material.- The extent to which any particular material shall be treated is largely determined by the To effect the sterilization of an article in the present machine it is not necessary that the same shall be so far treated as to completely cook it as if to be prepared for the table, although any article can be so treated in the machine. The article can be but partly or slightly cooked, and such an effect neces- &c., are destroyed it is understood by a temperature less than the particular minimum one here suggested. At the start of the treating operation the materials in the cans are comparatively cold and because of this the treating steam injected in the first application .is quickly condensed and the puff or jet is comparatively-weak but as the material warms up by the successive treatments the puffs or jets become stronger, it

being assumed, of course, that the admission valves are correspondingly set. But as the treating chambers other in'the treating are the new injections can be kept practically equal'or be made of increased or diminished potency by a ass from one port to anice main piston or cooking head 23, and more or less cooling or condensation takes place between the puffs. The cutting off of the steam between the ports of the central or plug member 109 permits the ball valve 38 to rise and close the port 36 After the last treatment through the nozzle the vapors are caused or permitted to rise to the con-' denser Where they are condensed and cooled,

and the liquids of condensation allowed to flow back to'the can. This is brought about by the steam pressure being cut off above head 23, thus permitting the pressure in the can to raise valve 34 off its seat so that liquids and steammay pass up to the con-- denser and return after cooling or condensation:

Referrlngnnore particularly to' Fig. 17

p it may be stated that the freshly filled can With its closing cap loosely placed on the open end thereotis deposited on the can support of the receiver closer while the treating apparatus is opposite the region of the ports that open into the lubricating grooves. At this time the vreceiver closer is in its downward position with the-under side of its operating piston open to atmosphere through a port 4 the capping head is elevated to its uppermost position by vacuumizing the cylinder above its piston through the port 3 and the treating nozzle and the associated valves and piston are up by reason of the action of a vacuum in the chamber 21 acting through the groove 2 As before indicated the, movement of the treating devices is from right to .left and the sequence of operations is as follows:

First, the capping piston is depressed to the stop to take up the can cap by the admission of air pressure to the capping cylinder through the port 3 Second, the pressure performing this operation is then exhausted through the port 3 Third, the receiver closer is then elevated by air pressure, through the groove 4. Immediately after this the can is transferred to position under the treating nozzle.

Fourth the groove 3 vacuumizes the capping cylinder and fifth, the ports 2* and 1 are simultaneously opened to admit steam to the treating nozzle and receiver externally of the can. The succeeding series of pairs of ports in the same zone with the said ports 2 and 1 continue intermittently to deliver puffs or impulses of steam to the treating nozzle and receiver while the pres sure and vacuum of the grooves 4: and 3 respectively continuously hold the receiver closer and capping head elevated.

Sixth, the treating devices in due course arrive at the grooves 2 and l", at which point the treating valves and receiver are exhausted of their steam andpressure and upon passing the line of the end of said grooves 2 and 1 the vacuum holding the capping the head is cut off, but the receiver closer is still held up by pressure through the groove 45.

Seventh, upon the arrival of the devices to the groove2 the shell 21 containing the treating nozzle is vacuumized, causing all the valves and the nozzle to rise therein. At the same time atmospheric air is admitted to the capping cylinder through the port 3". Upon passing said port 3 the treated can is retransferred to position under the capping head.

Eighth, on arrival at the port 3 pressure is admitted to the capping cylinder and the can'capped the stop having been removed from the path of the piston. Slightly beyond the line of the right hand end of the groove 3 the groove 4: terminates and pressure to the receiver closer piston is cut off, said pressure being exhausted to atmosphere by port 4 Ninthfat the port 4: the receiver closer is positively depressed to'its lowermost or can receiving position by vacuumizing its cylinder and tenth, simultaneously at ports 4 and 3 atmospheric air is ,admitted to the receiver closer cylinder and capping cylinder. And after this the described cycle of.

operations is repeated.

In the process thus described the material is subjected to a series or succession of pufis or impulsesiof steam radiating through the mass and tending to search and permeate the interstices completely and quickly in every direction. The number of treating chambers built in a machine can be varied or th number of such chambers used in treating a particular material can be fewer than those actually present in the machine by closing the steam supply to some of themalternate ones for example-or the first or the last and one or more of either of these or botli, according to the requirements of products to be treated. The cap, of course, is amply sterilized'by the steam in the receiver and, it will be observed, is applied to the can while confined and in a sterilized condition.

VVhile-I have shown and described a circular series of treating and capping devices these are not necessarily arranged in such a series, and one only of the treating de vices, with or Without the capping device, can be used with some beneficial effect. The circular-series arrangement, however,

promotes simplicity and compactness of 

